فصلنامه مطالعات روان شناسی ورزشی
پیاپی 41 (پاییز 1401)

The purpose of this study was to investigate the main dimensions of participating in sport in girls and boys aged 14 to 17 years from eighteen high schools at three, five, six, seven and thirteen Tehran educational zones. After distributing questionnaires which contain: feedback and reinforcement, motivational orientation, perceived competence scale, sport emotion and sport motivation among 813 adolescents who studied in high school degree in Tehran, data were collected for analysis. MANOVA test showed the gender was not effective in feedback and reinforcement, perceived competence and internal and external motivation while it was effective in emotional states and goal orientation. Chi-square test revealed that parents' sport experience and education were effective in motivation, while mother's education and parental occupation did not affect sport participation among adolescents. Multivariate regression revealed that internal and external motivation, feedback and reinforcement, goal orientation, emotional states, perceived competence and gender predicted sport participation motivation.

The present study was aimed to determine the effect of self-talk and different grammatical forms on the performance of force-production task. 80 right-handed men were selected by availability sampling and randomly assigned to four groups. The experimental protocol included motivational self-talks consisting of using sentences with singular first person pronoun “I can", the singular second person pronoun “you can", and the plural first person pronoun “we can”, and for the control group, the protocol was not administered before trials. In each effort group, participants were asked to complete three maximal repetitions with 100% effort. The results of two-way ANOVA combined with the repeated measurements showed that, "I can" and "You can" self-talks led to a significant improvement in the production task performance. However, the "we can" self-talks did not have a significant effect on the task performance (P<0.05).

The aim of this study was to evaluate psychometric properties of the persian version of sport imagery ability questionnaire (SIAQ) (Williams and Cumming, 2011). In the first step, SIAQ was translated into Persian and translate accuracy of Persian version of questionnaire was confirmed. Then 154 skilled male athletes (mean age: of 22/59±3/69 years) completed the Questionnaire. Data was analyzed with Confirmatory factor analysis based on structural equations and Cronbach alpha coefficient. The results showed that questionnaire’s internal consistency was acceptable and confirmatory factor analysis supported Persian version of sport imagery ability questionnaire with 5-factor and 15-item. The identified five factor model in this research was identical with the model introduced for this questionnaire by original authors. Due to the confirmation of variability and reliability of this questionnaire, it can be used for evaluation of sport imagery ability in male athletes.

Positive effects of doing exercise on physiological factors is evident, and findings of cognitive and psychological effects of exercise are expanding. Nowadays, aerobics has become very popular among females. The present study aimed to investigate predictability of aerobics trainers and inactive females via cognitive, perceptual, and attentional variables. To this end, 160 females of Tabriz (19-50 years old) were selected through a random cluster sampling technique. The Wechsler Memory Scale (WMS), spatial cueing test, and short form of Physical Self-Descriptive Questionnaire were used to measure variables and discriminant analysis used for data analyzing. The results showed that all the memory, attention and some of the physical self-perceived features could predict aerobics trainers and inactive females with different percentages; the physical self-perceived variable was the best predictor of aerobics trainers and inactive females. It seems that the effects of exercise on physical self-perception factors is more than cognitive and attention factors.

The purpose of this study was to the factors affecting the spiritual well-being of Iranian volleyball players. The research method was mixed. The statistical population of the study consisted of experts with knowledge of the subject. Data collection tools included interviews and questionnaires. The results indicated that causal factors had a significant effect on the main phenomenon. The results also revealed that factors affecting the spiritual well-being of Iranian volleyball players were classified into five factors including individual factors, religious factors, knowledge factors, psychological factors, and cultural factors. According to the results, among the identified factors, religious factors with 0.344 had the greatest impact on the spiritual well-being of the Iranian volleyball players.

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of one type physical fatigue on the mental imagery ability in skill athletes with emphasis on duration of movement. Thirty skilled athletes were randomly assigned into two groups of fatigue and control. Pre-test and post-test measures included internal vision external and motor vision. The experimental group performed the exercise protocol for fatigue (running at 70% of maximum heart-rate until fatigue), while the control group did not do any physical activity. The results revealed that one-part fatigue significantly reduced the accuracy of imaging. In both tasks, the accuracy of external visual imagery was higher than that of the internal visual imagery, and the accuracy of internal visual imagery was higher than that of the motion. Also, fatigue did not have a significant effect on clarity of short and long task mental imagery. Finally, fatigue had no significant effect on controllability of short and long task mental imagery.

Psychological capital is one of the important needs in the field of sports to improve the performance of athletes. Therefore, the present study was designed and implemented to identify the dimensions of psychological capital in sports. The method of the present study was qualitative based on the grounded theory method. The statistical population included experts who were aware of the subject of the research and according to the purposeful selection, 13 of whom were identified as the research sample. The collection tool was a semi-structured interview. The statistical method used in the present study included the coding method. The coding was done in three sections of open, axial and selective coding. To analyze the data of the present study, MaxQda software was used. The results showed that psychological capital in sports includes six dimensions of hope, self-talk, self-efficacy, resilience, optimism, and stress control. In order to improve psychological capital, efforts should be made to improve these dimensions.

The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of home quarantine period on student's physical activity and mood. The research method was descriptive causal comparison that was done in the field. In this study, 479 high school students in Kurdistan province were selected as a statistical sample in an accessible way and based on their presence in social networks such as WhatsApp, Telegram, etc. through coordination with school principals. The data collection tool was a researcher-made questionnaire. The reliability of the questionnaire in the pilot study was 0.89. In order to analyze the data, Chi-square, ANOVA and Tukey post hoc test were used. The results showed that their level of physical activity was significantly different in the pre-corona and quarantine periods. Negative mood during quarantine was affected by the number of training sessions per week. Managers and physical education teachers can minimize the physical and psychological consequences of quarantine by proper planning for proper sports activities in accordance with the protocols.

In the existing literature and conceptualizing the behavior of sports clubs' members, the social-psychological aspects are less considered. The aim of this study was to investigate the mediating role of trust and attachment as two psychological factors in the relationship between social factors and the athletes' tendency to continuous membership of fitness club. The research type was correlational. The population of the study consisted of members of fitness clubs in Shahrood, from which 199 people were selected by multi-stage random sampling. The research tool was a researcher-made questionnaire that includes six part and 25 items, which are: responsibility (three items), ethical climate (five items), interaction quality (five items), place attachment (five items), trust (four items), and tendency to continue membership (three items). The collected data were analyzed by structural equation modeling and partial least squares. The results showed that the interaction quality, responsibility, and ethical climate have a positive and significant effect on both athletes' attachment and trust; also, the effect of athletes' attachment on their tendency to continue club membership is significant; however, the effect of trust on athletes' tendency to continue membership is not significant. It seems that meeting the psychological and social needs of club members and creating confidence and inner belonging can be a useful management strategy to strengthen the relationship between club and athletes and maintain them in the long term.

Identifying the factors affecting the motivation to participate in youth sports is very important. The student public Olympiad is held with the aim of increasing the motivation of non-athlete students to participate in sports. The purpose was to investigate the role of personality types, perception of success, and regulation of sports behavior in the motivation of non-athlete female students participating in the 2019 Public Olympiad at Alzahra University. Participants included 212 people (age range of 18-30 years) with less than 2 years of training experience in the same sport only and were randomly and purposefully selected. The sports participation motivation, perception of sports success, regulation of sports behavior, and personality type questionnaire were used. The results of the multiple linear regression test showed that the subscales of success perception (self-orientation, task orientation), sports behavior regulation (external regulation, internal motivation, lack of motivation), and B/A personality type can significantly motivate to participate in sports (significance level less than 0.05). The effect of the lack of motivation subscale was negative and other subscales were positive. The findings were in line with the prediction of the self-determination theory and emphasize that the motivation of non-athlete girls to participate in sports is influenced by personality and psychological components, which encourages sports coaches and psychologists to develop such variables in non-athletes.

The global outbreak of COVID-19 was a sudden public reminder which the viral diseases are a constant threat to human health. Especially in the case of new and re-emerging illnesses, which pose a constant threat to the global health-care system. This study aimed to investigate the impact of Covid-19 concerns on the depression of Athlete Students with the Modifying Role of Teammate social connectedness. This is a descriptive-correlational study conducted using the field research method. Its statistical population consisted of student-athletes from region 9 of Iran. Using G*Power, the statistical sample was determined 146 people selected by available sampling. (PROMIS) Depression Questionnaire and the Teammate social connectedness and Covid-19 Concerns Questionnaire (Graupensperger, & et al) were used to collect data after their validity and reliability were confirmed. Data were analyzed using SPSS and PLS software. The study revealed that Covid-19 concern has a Positive and significant relationship on the student-athletes depression. Furthermore, Teammate social connectedness, In addition to the negative and significant relationship with athletes' depression, played a modifying role in the relationship between Covid-19 concern and student-athletes' depression and undermined this relationship. According to this study's findings, the athlete students are also exposed to major psychotherapy and psychological issues during the Corona era; thus, simple preventive strategies like social distancing while creating a teammate social connectedness system may be an important tool to combat depression during COVID-19.

The aim of this study was to investigate the role of job insecurity during the Corona virus pandemic on the mental health of football schools coaches with the mediating role of financial well-being. The research method is descriptive survey. The statistical population of the study included all coaches working in football schools licensed in Golestan province in 2020, that main source of their income is employment in football schools (81 coaches) that the whole population was selected as a research sample. To collect research data, (Jung et al, 2020) job insecurity during the Corona virus pandemic questionnaire, (Choi et al, 2020) financial well-being questionnaire and (Warwick-Edinburgh, 2007) mental health questionnaire were used. The results showed that job insecurity during the Corona virus pandemic has a negative and significant effect on the financial well-being of football coaches. Also, the effect of job insecurity during the Corona virus pandemic on the mental health of football coaches was negative and significant. Another part of the research results showed that the effect of financial well-being on mental health is positive and significant. Finally, the results showed that the effect of job insecurity during the Corona virus outbreak on the mental health of football coaches with the mediating role of financial well-being is negative and significant. According to the results of the study, it can be concluded that job insecurity during the pandemic of the Corona virus can lead to problems for the mental health of football coaches by reducing financial well-being.